Preciso de uma transcrição para entrar novamente nos EUA junto com meu visto F1 e formulário I-20?

Não, você não precisa de uma transcrição. Esta é a lista dos requisitos do site da Imigração e Alfândega dos EUA :

1. A Form I-20, endorsed for travel and signed by your DSO
2. You have been out of the United States for less than five months
3. A current passport valid for at least six months after the date of your reentry or, if you are from one of the countries listed below, a passport that is current through the date of entry
4. A valid, current visa or you traveled to contiguous country or adjacent island for less than thirty days
5. Financial information showing proof of necessary funds to cover tuition and living expenses

If you are from a visa exempt country, you do not need a visa to reenter the United States from the western hemisphere, but make sure that you present your I-20 to be admitted as an F-1 student and not a visitor.