Considerando que você possui um documento de viagem de refugiado, as seguintes são as regras, conforme declarado no Timatic, o banco de dados usado pelas companhias aéreas:
Para Alemanha :
Visa required, except for Nationals of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Congo (Dem. Rep.),
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Syria or Turkey holding onward tickets in transit AND:
holding a valid visa issued by Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,
Cyprus, Ireland (Rep.), Japan, Romania, USA or United
Kingdom traveling to any
non-Schengen Member State;
A max. transit time of 24 hours through
Frankfurt (FRA) or Munich (MUC).
On the same day between 04:30 and 23:30
through Hamburg (HAM).
On the same day between 04:30 and 23:00
through Cologne/Bonn (CGN).
On the same day between 06:00 and 21:00
through Dusseldorf (DUS). Inbound carrier must provide
prior notice to authorities in Dusseldorf (DUS) by fax:
+49 211 421 20521; tel: +49 211 421 63695 or SITA Telex
DUSOVXH.
On the same day between 06:00 and 23:00
through Berlin Tegel (TXL), provided connection time is at
least 75 minutes. Inbound carrier must provide prior
notice to the handling agent at Berlin Tegel (TXL) by fax
or SITA Telex and the airport authorities by SITA Telex
(TXLVZXH). This must include the passenger's name,
itinerary, date, nationality and seat number. The
passenger is not permitted to travel with animals carried
in the cabin or in the cargo hold (AVIH).
Então, como você tem um visto canadense, não precisa de um visto de trânsito aeroportuário para a Alemanha
Para o Holanda :
Transit without a visa is not allowed for holders of Refugee
Travel Documents not issued by an EEA Member State, Switzerland or USA
Except for holders of a Refugee Travel Document and a permanent
residence permit issued by Canada and holding onward tickets transiting by the same or first connecting
aircraft.
Então, se você é um residente permanente do Canadá, você não precisa de um visto de trânsito aeroportuário para a Holanda. Caso contrário, você faz precisar dela.