Eu posso falar com os requisitos da FAA. O requisito básico para a inspeção anual (a aeronave comercial tem requisitos adicionais) vem de 14 CFR Part 91.409
§91.409 Inspections.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had—
(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been approved for return to service by a person authorized by §43.7 of this chapter; or...
E o requisito relacionado sobre quem pode realizar isso é abordado na Parte 43 e é dividido em duas partes; quem pode realizar o trabalho e quem pode aprovar o retorno ao serviço.
O trabalho deve ser realizado por alguém especificado em 14 CFR Part 43.3 em que o caso geral é:
§43.3 Persons authorized to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations.
(a) Except as provided in this section and §43.17, no person may maintain, rebuild, alter, or perform preventive maintenance on an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part to which this part applies. Those items, the performance of which is a major alteration, a major repair, or preventive maintenance, are listed in appendix A.
(b) The holder of a mechanic certificate may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations as provided in Part 65 of this chapter.
(c) The holder of a repairman certificate may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations as provided in part 65 of this chapter.
E a aprovação para o retorno ao serviço deve ser por 14 CFR Part 43.7
§43.7 Persons authorized to approve aircraft, airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, or component parts for return to service after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration.
(a) Except as provided in this section and §43.17, no person, other than the Administrator, may approve an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part for return to service after it has undergone maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration.
(b) The holder of a mechanic certificate or an inspection authorization may approve an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part for return to service as provided in Part 65 of this chapter.
Os requisitos para autorizações de mecânica e inspeção estão especificados em 14 CFR Parte 65, Subparte D .
Os regulamentos também permitem que os fabricantes e as estações de reparo, entre um número limitado de outros, executem o trabalho também. (ver links)