Como os números são escritos nas línguas de O Senhor dos Anéis?

Publicação Especial Quettar Nº 1, 'Os sistemas de escrita da Terra-média', de David Doughan e Julian Bradeld, publicado na 1987.

The Eldar used both a decimal and a duodecimal system, the Dwarves used a duodecimal system, and the Men of the West in the Third Age used mainly a decimal system. The digits used were as follows¹:

In all systems the numbers are written with the unit digit at the left. The digits were usually marked, either by a dot over each digit, or by a line drawn above the number, for a decimal system; in a duodecimal system, the dot or line was written below.

Pronunciando²:

+ --- + ----------- + ----------- + ----------- + + ---- + --- -------------- + | | Sindarin Quenya Telerin | | Quenya + --- + ----------- + ----------- + ----------- + + ---- + --- -------------- + | 1. | er, min | er, min | er, min | | 13. | nelkea | | 2. | pouco | atta tat | | 14. | kankea | | 3. | neleð | nelde | nelet | | 15. | lenkea / leminkea | | 4. | canadense canções | canat | | 16. | enkea / enekkea | | 5. | Leben | lemen | lepen | | 17. | okkea | | 6. | eneg enfileirar | enec | 18. | tolkea / hualqe | | 7. | odo (g) otso | otos | | 19. | húkea | | 8. | toloð | toldo | | | 20. | yukainen | | 9. | Neder | nerte | neter | | 30. | nel (de) kainen | 10. pae | quean / quain | pai (n) | | 40. | kan (ta) kainen | 11. minib | minque | minipe | 100. Keakai (li) | 12. egneg | yunque | yūnece | 200. yúyo tuksa | + --- + ----------- + ----------- + ----------- + + ---- + --- -------------- + VT48: 6 VT48: 21

VT é Vinyar Tengwar, um periódico linguístico publicado pela Elvish Linguistic Fellowship.

Ordenação e nomes de numerais de Proposta de roteiro Unicode ⁴:

Dígitos Tengwar codificação CSUR Nome CSUR Designação anotação 0 U + xx30 LETRAS DE TENGWAR SEM ÁGUA (dígito zero) 1 U + xx33 LETRAS DE TENGWAR SEM ÁGUA VILYA (dígito um) Tengwar de quatro dígitos 2 U + xx62 Tengwar cinco dígitos 3 U + xx63 Tengwar DIGIT SIX 4 U + xx64 Tengwar DIGIT SETE 5 U + xx65 Tengwar DIGIT OITO 6 U + xx66 Tengwar DIGIT NOVE 7 U + xx67A Tengwar duodecimal DIGIT TEN 8 U + xx68B DÉCITO DUODECIMAL DE TENGWAR ONZE 9 U + xx69C DÍGITO DUODECIMAL DE TENGWAR DOZE

_{CSUR - Registro Unicode ConScript}

JRRTolkien nunca publicou um sistema de numeração rúnica que pudesse ser usado com o Cirth. No entanto, nas inscrições do Livro de Mazarbul, alguns caracteres são usados ​​especificamente para representar números⁵:

Nota: [a] Com base no número de traços nos números 1, 3, 4 e 6; o número de 2 também pode ser previsto.

Numerais para as runas de Fotografias por JRR Tolkien¹:

Não tenho certeza se os manuscritos originais de JRR Tolkien nos quais eles foram baseados ainda foram publicados (presumo que sim, apenas não consegui localizá-los), mas em 1981 e 1982 Christopher Tolkien enviou um e-mail ao editor da Quettar ( um diário linguístico) algumas notas manuscritas sobre como escrever números em tengwar.

Eles foram publicados em sua forma original no Quettar #13 e no Quettar #14.

The Tengwar Numerals

For numeration, especially in lists or series, the letters up to [rune] 24 (see The Return of the King p. 396, table of Tengwar) were commonly used, with or without some sign, as [rune] [rune]

The numerals of the Fëanorian script were arranged in triads:

[rune]:[rune][rune][rune]:[rune][rune][rune]:[rune][rune][rune]

0 123 456 789

The smaller value was placed on the left : thus [rune][rune] (01) = 10. [rune][rune] (24) = 42

When the use of numerals as such was evident, and no confusion could arise, the dots could be omitted. Often a long series of numerals in the midst of words was marked by a line drawn above as

[rune][rune][rune][rune][rune][rune][rune] = 1780396

to be read as 'six million, nine hundred & thirty thousand, eight hundred & seventy one'.

CRT after JRRT 16 May 1981

The Eldar used two systems of numerals: one of sixes (or twelves); and one of fives (or tens). The Dwarves used for their own purposes a duodecimal system. Men of the West of the Third Age used mainly a decimal system, though their numerals showed the influence of the sixes & twelves of the Eldarin & Dwarvish use.

Where a duodecimal system was required for arithmetical purposes, or for denoting Dwarvish numerals, the dots or line were placed beneath the figures (if used). The figures [rune][rune] were then used for ten and eleven, while [rune] or [rune] could be used for twelve. The doudecade was often marked by [rune].

Thus decimal [rune][rune][rune] (441) = 144; [rune][rune] (53) = 35

duodecimal [rune][rune][rune] (001) = 144; [rune][rune] (11,2) = 35

[rune][rune][rune][rune][rune][rune][rune] = 7 0 11 2 10 3 2 = 2 3 10 2 11 0 7 = 6,930,871 decimal

CRT after JRRT 10 March 1982

Gandalf deixa uma mensagem no Weathertop para Aragorn e os hobbits rabiscando uma runa G seguida por três golpes, para indicar que ele estava lá no 3rd do mês (ou pelo menos, é o que Aragorn supõe). Portanto, algo semelhante aos algarismos romanos era definitivamente usado ocasionalmente, pelo menos para pequenos números.

'There seems to be a stroke, a dot, and three more strokes,' he said.

'The stroke on the left might be a G-rune with thin branches,' said Strider. 'It might be a sign left by Gandalf, though one cannot be sure. The scratches are fine, and they certainly look fresh. But the marks might mean something quite different, and have nothing to do with us. Rangers use runes, and they come here sometimes.'

'What could they mean, even if Gandalf made them?' asked Merry.

'I should say,' answered Strider, 'that they stood for G3, and were a sign that Gandalf was here on October the third: that is three days ago now.