De link :

Visa-free Entry for tour and transit

Nationals of the countries below can enter Korea without a Korean visa for a stay of up to 30 days, if their purpose of visit is tour or transit

Asia

MACAO, BRUNEI, SAUDI ARABIA, U.A.E, YEMEN, OMAN, JAPAN, QATAR, TAIWAN, H.K(90days), KUWAIT
※ Only Diplomatic·Official passport : INDONESIA, LEBANON

North America

U.S.A, CANADA(6months)

South America

GUYANA, GUATEMALA, VENEZUELA, ARGENTINA, ECUADOR, HONDURAS, URUGUAY, PARAGUAY

Europe

MONACO, Vatican, BOSNIA HERCEGOVINA, Cyprus, SAN MARINO, Serbia & Montenegro, SLOVENIA(90days), ANDORRA, ALBANIA, CROATIA

Oceania

GUAM, NAURU, NEW CALEDONIA New Caledonia, MICRONESIA, SAMOA, SOLOMON IS, KIRIBATI, FIJI, AUSTRALIA(90days), MARSHALL IS, PALAU

Africa

SOUTH AFRICA, Mauritius, Seychelles, SWAZILAND, EGYPT

(Observe que o Vietnã não está na lista.)

Visitors meeting the following requirements also can enter Korea without a Korean visa for a stay of up to 30 days, if their purpose of visit is transit

Note) Nationals of Cuba,Macedonia ,however, must apply for korean visa, even if they meet these requirements

• Holding a visa or a re-entry permit of the U.S. Japan, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand (5 countries)

• Travelling from either of the five countries to a third country via Korea, or travelling from a third country to either of the five countries via Korea

• Holding a confirmed onward flight ticket for departure within 30 days

• No Immigration offence records, while in the five countries

Those who have visited Korea more than 4 times in recent two years, or those who have visited Korea more than 10 times in total can enter Korea without a Korean visa, notwithstanding the requirements above

Note) However, this facility for frequent visitors is not applicable to nationals of "China (P.R.C)", "Cuba" , "Macedonia"

Parece que você tem direito a trânsito sem visto, se não tiver crimes de imigração anteriores em nenhum dos cinco países.

Os agentes de linha aérea passam por Timatic , que declara:

Passengers with a visa issued by Australia, Canada, New Zealand or USA to nationals of any country except for China (People's Rep.), Cuba, Iran, Macedonia (FYROM), Sudan and Syria, only if in transit through Korea (Rep.): -holding confirmed onward tickets on flights departing within 30 days; when arriving from a third country, departing to the country that issued the visa (e.g. DEL-ICN-YVR); or arriving on a direct flight from the country that issued the visa (a visa that expired on departure from that country is accepted), departing to a third country (e.g. YVR-ICN-DEL).

Em outras palavras: sim , você pode entrar em Seul e passar uma noite lá. No entanto, imprima este site para mostrar o agente da companhia aérea apenas no caso de

De acordo com Timatic :

Visa required, except for Holders of onward tickets transiting Seoul Incheon (ICN), for a max. transit For details time of 24 hours.

Portanto, contanto que seu trânsito seja menor de 24 horas e você esteja em trânsito por Seul, não é necessário visto, independentemente de sua nacionalidade ou destino.