Quando eu estava pesquisando, encontrei um site afirmando que eles tinham um bom senso, mas não vejo onde eles obtiveram suas informações:
Klingons have enhanced senses. Three of them, acute taste, smell, and vision, are genetic, but the third, combat reflexes, is learned from childhood, and is therefore second nature to Klingons. They are larger than Terrans with a greater percentage of their body weight being muscle.
Outra citação que encontrei é de:
Klingon para o viajante galáctico
The usual Federation Standard translations of the primary tastes ("pungent," "sour," "salty") are a little deceptive. From the Klingon point of view, it is not accurate to say that a particular food is sour; rather, it tastes and smells sour. That is, sourness is not an intrinsic quality of food; it is a perception, the effect the food has upon the sense of smell and taste, the Klingon sense of smell being particularly highly developed.
Eu também descobri que a Memória Alfa (Star Trek Wikia) afirma que os klingons têm um tipo de sexto sentido. Eles são capazes de sentir se alguém tem a intenção de matar.
Klingons such as Kurn had the instinctive ability to sense the decision to kill by looking into the eyes of their opponents. (DS9: "Sons of Mogh") Worf did not have this ability, probably due to the fact that he was raised by Humans on Earth.
Parece-me que essas ligações e citações são verdadeiras, então os klingons teriam pelo menos um alto paladar / olfato, embora eu não tenha encontrado nenhuma evidência deles tendo uma visão melhorada.