Eu estou indo para a minha fonte para isso, um que eu citei aqui antes, o Star Trek: Manual Técnico dos Escritores da Próxima Geração, Quarta Edição da Temporada . Este é um dos guias dos escritores. Em outras palavras, ele diz aos escritores o que eles podem e não podem fazer na tela.
(Essas informações também são de respostas recentes, portanto, para obter mais detalhes relacionados, consulte esta resposta e este também.)
Na página 28, em The Transporter - Uma vez por todas :
... The stream of molecules read by the pads is sent to the Pattern Buffer, a large cylindrical tank surrounded by superconducting electromagnetic coils. It is here that the object to be transported is stored momentarily before actual beaming away from the ship (or even within the ship). It is the Pattern Buffer and its associated subsystems that have been improved the most in the last half-century. While the actual molecules of an object are held in a spinning magnetic suspension (eight minutes before degradation), the construction sequence of the object can be read, recorded in computer memory (in some cases), and reproduced. There are limits to the complexity of the object, however, and this is where the potential "miracle" machine still eludes.
The Transporter cannot produce working duplicate copies of living tissue or organ systems.
The reason for this is that routine transport involves handling the incredibly vast amount of information required to "disassemble" and "reassemble" a human being or other life form. To transport something, the system must scan, process, and transmit this pattern information. This is analogous to a television, which serves as a conduit to the vast amount of visual information in a normal television transmission.
E, na mesma seção, na página 29:
From the Pattern Buffer, the molecular stream and the coded instructions pass through a number of subsystems before reaching the emitter. These include the Subspace, Doppler, and Heisenberg Compensators. Each works to insure that the matter stream is being transmitted or received is in the correct phase, frequency, and so on. (sic)
Assim, o objeto ou ser vivo é desmontado, molécula por molécula, convertido em um fluxo que é temporariamente armazenado no buffer padrão, e então remontado no destino. O fluxo contém tanto matéria quanto dados usados para remontagem.