Você está perguntando sobre o que é um ponto de vista na literatura. Ler Modo narrativo: subjetivo na terceira pessoa pode ajudá-lo, mas não deixe de ler a página inteira se você estiver interessado nos diferentes modos narrativos.
The third-person subjective is when the narrator conveys the thoughts, feelings, opinions, etc. of one or more characters. If it is just one character, it can be termed third-person limited, in which the reader is "limited" to the thoughts of some particular character (often the protagonist) as in the first-person mode, except still giving personal descriptions using "he", "she", "it", and "they", but not "I." This is almost always the main character—e.g., Gabriel in Joyce's The Dead, Nathaniel Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown, or the elderly fisherman in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. Certain third-person omniscient modes are also classifiable as "third person, subjective" modes that switch between the thoughts, feelings, etc. of all the characters.
This style, in both its limited and omniscient variants, became the most popular narrative perspective during the 20th century. In contrast to the broad, sweeping perspectives seen in many 19th-century novels, third-person subjective is sometimes called the "over the shoulder" perspective; the narrator only describes events perceived and information known by a character. At its narrowest and most subjective scope, the story reads as though the viewpoint character were narrating it; dramatically this is very similar to the first person, in that it allows in-depth revelation of the protagonist's personality, but it uses third-person grammar. Some writers will shift perspective from one viewpoint character to another.
The focal character, protagonist, antagonist, or some other character's thoughts are revealed through the narrator. The reader learns the events of the narrative through the perceptions of the chosen character.
As diferenças estão na relação entre o leitor e os personagens. É mais fácil para o leitor se sentir mais próximo, para se identificar com os personagens POV, porque ele entende seus pensamentos de uma maneira melhor.
Além disso, os personagens POV são geralmente os personagens mais importantes (embora eu sempre quis um Robb POV, o que nunca acontece).