Por que não separar as duas definições de V-1 em duas velocidades de V separadas?

V₁oficialmente takeoff decision speed, has, somewhat infamously, two separate definitions:

• It is defined as the minimum speed at which, if one engine fails, the pilots can press to liftoff and still maintain safe obstacle clearance during climbout.
• É tb defined as the maximum speed at which a rejected takeoff can be initiated and the aircraft safely stopped on the runway without the use of reverse thrust.¹

These two speeds are only the same if the aircraft is operating at the absolute maximum allowable weight for that particular takeoff; if the aircraft is lighter than the maximum allowable takeoff weight,² the first speed (the minimum “go” speed) is slower than the second speed (the maximum “stop” speed),³ forming a range of possible V₁s, and the pilot(s) get to choose whatever V₁ they want from within this range.

Instead, why not separate out the two definitions into two separate Vspeeds; for instance:

V₀: The minimum speed during takeoff at which, in the event of the sudden failure of a single engine, the takeoff can be continued and safe obstacle clearance guaranteed during climbout.

V₁: The maximum speed during takeoff at which a rejected takeoff can be initiated and the aircraft brought to a stop on the paved surface of the runway without the use of reverse thrust.

With the current system, there is a variable length of time before V₁ during which it is already possible to safely continue following a minor to moderate failure rather than attempting a risky near-V₁ RTO, and/or a variable length of time after V₁ during which it is still possible to reject without overrunning should a serious failure occur, but neither the minimum “go” speed nor the maximum “stop” speed is ever called (unless the pilots happened to select one of those specific speeds as the V₁ for this particular takeoff), thus potentially forcing the pilots to reject when it would be safer to continue, or to continue when it would be safer to reject.

In contrast, if the minimum “go” speed (“V₀”) and the maximum “stop” speed (“new V₁”) are both called, and called separately, then the pilots would know for sure both when it first becomes possible to safely continue the takeoff, e, also, when it stops being possible to reject the takeoff without overrunning the runway. This would allow the takeoff to be separated into three distinct phases, rather than two:

1. Speed < V₀: Abort for any failure.
2. V₀ ≤ speed ≤ new V₁: Continue for minor to moderate failures (such as tyre failures without fire, or birdstrike without attendant engine or flight-control damage); abort for more serious failures (such as engine failures, tyre failures com fire, or partial hydraulic failures).
3. New V₁ < speed: Continue for any failure that does not render the aircraft unflyable; abort only for catastrophic failures that preclude liftoff and/or safe, controlled flight (such as a flight-control failure [prevents aircraft from lifting off and/or renders aircraft uncontrollable once airborne], multiple simultaneous engine failures [degrades aircraft acceleration so severely as to preclude liftoff], total landing-gear collapse [massively increases runway drag, likely severely enough to preclude liftoff, and carries high probability of causing severe structural damage], or pitot-static failure [robs pilots of altitude and airspeed information, making controlled flight impossible]).

So why aren’t the minimum “go” speed and the maximum “stop” speed split into two distinct speeds, called out separately during takeoff?

¹: For this reason, V₁ is generally taken as the speed beyond which one should not attempt to reject a takeoff if the aircraft is still flyable.

²: The maximum weight at which the aircraft can take off from that runway with that performance under those atmospheric conditions and still be assured, throughout the takeoff, of the ability, in the event of a single engine failure, to reject the takeoff without overrunning the runway, to continue the takeoff without striking or coming dangerously close to objects off the end of the runway, or both. Not to be confused with the peso máximo de decolagem, which is the absolute maximum weight at which the aircraft, assuming a perfectly dry, 0C atmosphere and a frictionless runway of infinite length, is physically capable of lifting off and maintaining flight should one engine fail.

³: If the aircraft were mais pesado than the maximum allowable takeoff weight, there would be a section of the takeoff during which, in the event of a single engine failure, the aircraft would be incapable of continuing the takeoff and maintaining obstacle clearance, yet already moving too fast to stop on the remaining runway - in short, neither a safe continued takeoff nem a safe rejected takeoff would be possible. Which is why a) that weight is the maximum allowable takeoff weight, and b) it’s illegal to knowingly take off overweight.