No, it will not protect from standard True Sight or the Robe of Eyes

O Amuleto de prova contra detecção e localização only says that you are:

hidden from divination magic. You can't be targeted by such magic or perceived through magical scrying sensors.

Not divination magic or magical scrying sensors

Standard Truesight and the Veste dos Olhos just allow you to see Invisible creatures. There is no divination magic involved and neither are Magical Scrying sensors - they are just things that provide the ability to see invisible creatures.

It's all about the source of True Sight/seeing invisible

It would work against True Sight delivered via the spell Verdadeiro Ver as that is specifically divination magic which the amulet protects against.

If the source of whatever gives a creature the ability to see invisible is directly associated with divination magic or magical scrying, then it would work. But that connection must be explicitly stated in order for it to work.

You are protected from divination spells and magical scrying sensors.

Both True Seeing and See Invisibility are divination spells, so they would have no effect.

Senses that are natural (ancient dragon's natural truesight) or granted by items are not considered spells, and thus you are not protected from them (unless the item specifies you are using it to cast the spell, or is based on scrying). Using your example, Robe of Eyes wouldn't be affected by the amulet.

Looking at someone counts as "targeting" them (according to Jeremy Crawford)

Going purely by the rules as written, it's not clear whether protection against targeting by divination spells would protect you from spells that the caster casts on their self that then grant new senses, such as ver invisibilidade or visão verdadeira. However, Jeremy Crawford has clarificado no Twitter¹ that in such cases, you are still protected:

The nondetection spell hides you from divination magic. True seeing is a divination spell.

O não detecção spell grants a similar benefit to the Amulet:

The target can't be targeted by any divination magic

So JC's ruling should apply to the Amulet as well. This means that divination spells like visão verdadeira will not enable a creature to see you, even if they don't explicitly "target" you.

Senses and abilities not based on divination magic function normally

As the other answers have covered adequately, the Amulet offers no protection against senses and abilities that are not based on divination magic. This includes the Robe of Eyes, unless your DM rules that this magic item is divination-based, which would not be unreasonable. It also includes creatures with a natural ability to see invisible things.

¹ Note: JC's Tweets are não são mais consideradas decisões oficiais. I can't find this particular ruling in the Sage Advice Compendium, so it can be considered semi-official at best, hence the parenthetical qualifier in the heading.