Calcule a velocidade de manobra abaixo do máximo bruto usando a fórmula $ V_A \ sqrt {\ frac {W_2} {W_1}} $, em que $ V_A $ é a velocidade de manobra no máximo bruto, $ W_2 $ no peso real e $ W_1 $ é máximo bruto.
Unlike $V_{NO}$, the maneuvering speed varies in proportion to the square root of the mass of the airplane. The reason for this is a bit tricky. The trick is that $V_A$ is not a force limit but rather an acceleration limit. When the manufacturers determine a value for $V_A$, they are not worried about breaking the wing, but are worried about breaking other important parts of the airplane, such as the engine mounts. These items don’t directly care how much force the wing is producing; they just care about the acceleration they are undergoing.
By increasing the mass of the airplane, you decrease the overall acceleration that results from any overall force. (Of course, if you increase the mass of cargo, it increases the stress on the cargo-compartment floor — but it decreases the stress on unrelated components such as engine mounts, because the acceleration is less.)
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Finally, we should note that there are two different concepts that, loosely speaking, are called maneuvering speeds.
- The design maneuvering speed, which we can denote $V_{A(D)}$, is primarily of interest to aircraft designers, not pilots. The designer must choose a value for $V_{A(D)}$ and then build an aircraft strong enough to withstand certain stressful maneuvers at that speed. Higher values of $V_{A(D)}$ promote safety, by forcing the design to be stronger.
- The maneuvering speed limitation, which we can denote $V_{A(L)}$, is of interest to pilots. It is an operating limitation. It appears on a placard in the cockpit. Lower values of $V_{A(L)}$ promote safety, by restricting certain operations to lower, less-stressful airspeeds.
Denker, John S., Veja como ele voa , §2.14.2 “< a href="http://www.av8n.com/how/htm/aoa.html#sec-maneuvering-speed"> Velocidade de manobra , acessado em 16 de agosto de 2015.