Depende se você está falando sobre o livro ou o filme.
No livro, não vemos absolutamente nada sobre os Elfos quando Smaug invade Erebor pela primeira vez. Eles só entram na história quando a festa vai para a Mirkwood. No filme, há muitos, muitos eventos que os livros não mencionam, e este é um deles.
No livro, o único exército de Elfos que é visto é quando Thorin escapa do Elvenking e vai para Laketown. Thranduil ouviu pela primeira vez a chegada de Thorin a Laketown dos homens-jangada dos elfos, que estavam sentados nas mesas inferiores durante o banquete. De fato, quando Thorin se anunciou para o Mestre de Laketown, os Elfos se adiantaram e disseram ao Mestre:
"These are prisoners of our king that have escaped, wandering vagabond dwarves that could not give any good account of themselves, sneaking through the woods and molesting our people!"
E depois, vemos a reação de Thranduil:
In the meanwhile the Wood-elves had gone back up the Forest River with their cargoes, and there was great excitement in the king's palace. I have never heard what happened to the chief of the guards and the butler. Nothing of course was ever said about keys or barrels while the dwarves stayed in Lake-town, and Bilbo was careful never to become invisible. Still, I daresay, more was guessed than was known, though doubtless Mr. Baggins remained a bit of a mystery. In any case the king knew now the dwarves' errand, or thought he did, and he said to himself:
"Very well! We'll see! No treasure will come back through Mirkwood without my having something to say in the matter. But I expect they will all come to a bad end, and serve them right!" He at any rate did not believe in dwarves fighting and killing dragons like Smaug, and he strongly suspected attempted burglary or something like it which shows he was a wise elf and wiser than the men of the town, though not quite right, as we shall see in the end. He sent out his spies about the shores of the lake and as far northward towards the Mountains as they would go, and waited.
Thranduil trouxe um exército para Erebor para ver que parte do tesouro ele poderia reivindicar.