Qual SF Universo foi o primeiro a ter múltiplas formas de FTL?

Existem duas formas diferentes de transporte FTL na novela John W. Campbell < href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?48020"> "Esquecimento" , publicado pela primeira vez (como por "Don A. Stuart") no Edição de junho de 1937 de Histórias Astounding ( disponível no Arquivo da Internet ). Um foi usado pela civilização dos "construtores da cidade" milhões de anos antes do tempo da história (ambientado no futuro distante). O outro é usado na história de Seun, um homem de "Rh" e um descendente dos construtores da cidade, para enviar uma frota espacial invasora de volta para casa, a uma distância de três anos e meio de luz, em um piscar de olhos. . Eu considero os dois métodos diferentes, porque os antigos construtores da cidade usavam grandes máquinas para abastecer suas naves espaciais, enquanto Seun usava apenas o poder de sua mente, auxiliado por um cristal portátil de sua própria fabricação; também porque Seun sustenta que a tecnologia dos construtores da cidade foi "esquecida" (daí o título da história). Parece inútil especular se as duas formas de FTL usam os mesmos princípios; isso seria tentar comparar um gobbledegook com outro.

Seun de Rh sobre o conhecimento perdido dos construtores da cidade:

"We have forgotten so much of the things the city builders knew, their arts and techniques," Seun explained. "They built things and labored that things might surround and protect them, so they thought. They labored generations that this city might be. They strove and thought and worked, and built fleets that sailed beyond the farthest star the clearest night reveals. They brought here their gains, their hard-won treasures--that they might build and make to protect these things.

"They were impermanent things, at best. How little is left of their five-million-year striving. We have no things today, nor any protecting of things. And we have forgotten the arts they developed to protect and understand these things. And with them, I am sorry, I have forgotten the thoughts that made the lathan [an antigravity suit] understandable."

Seun discute o sorgan que impulsionou os navios dos construtores da cidade:

"The generator supplied the power for the city, and for the ships of the city, wherever they might be in space. In all the universe they could draw on the power of that generator, through that sorgan unit. That was the master unit; from it flowed the power of the generator, instantaneously, to any ship in all space, so long as its corresponding unit was tuned. It created a field rotating"--and the minds of his hearers refused the term—"which involves as well, time.

"In the first revolution it made, the first day it was built, it circled to the ultimate end of time and the universe, and back to the day it was built. And in all that sweep, every sorgan unit tuned to it must follow.The power that drove it died when the city was deserted, but it is still making the first revolution, which it made and completed in the first hundredth of a second it existed.

[. . .]

"Since, in its first swing, it turned to that time, and back to the day it was built, it radiated its power to the end of space and back. Anywhere, it might be drawn on, and was drawn on by the ships that sailed to other stars."

Ron Thule, um astrônomo de parapsia, compara os construtores da cidade com os habitantes atuais de Rhth:

"Once"--Ron Thule's voice was tense--"the city builders made atomic generators to release the energy bound in that violent twist of space called an atom. He made the sorgan to distribute its power to his clumsy shells of metal and crystal—the caves that protected him from the wild things of space.

"Seun has forgotten the atom; he thinks in terms of space. The powers of space are at his direct command. He created the crystal that brought us here from the energy of space, because it made easy a task his mind alone could have done. His people have no ships; they are anywhere in space they will without such things. Seun is not a decadent son of the city builders. His people never forgot the dream that built the city. But it was a dream of childhood, and his people were children then. Like a child with his broomstick horse, the mind alone was not enough for thought; the city builders, just as ourselves, needed something of a solid metal and crystal, to make that dream tangible.

E.E. Smith em Grey Lensman , que foi serializado pela primeira vez em 1939, tinha Boskone capaz de usar tubos hiperespaciais (que agora chamamos de buracos negros artificiais) além do drive normal de FTL.

O seguinte exemplo, citado em minha resposta para , também pode ser relevante aqui. Embora "Concurso" , proposto em M. Resposta A. Golding , antedates "The Big Night", não está claro o quão diferente o espaço dirige em "Competição".

Na novela de Henry Kuttner "The Big Night" , publicado originalmente (como por "Hudson Hastings") na edição de junho de 1947 de Thrilling Wonder Stories (disponível em Internet Archive ), existem duas formas concorrentes de viagens FTL. Os "hiper navios", que percorrem as correntes do hiperespaço, estão sendo desativados pela nova tecnologia de transmissão de matéria. (Claro que eles ainda precisam de um bom navio antigo para instalar uma estação Transmat em um novo planeta.)

Christie said uncomfortably, "I can't help it. You can't meet competition like Transmat. You can't afford to pay their prices. You got running expenses on La Cucaracha. Jet fuel costs dough, and--well, Transmat sets up a transmitting station, pays for it, and the job's done, except for the power outlay. With atomic, what does that amount to?

Ts's, o piloto selenita de La Cucaracha , é filosófico:

"This will pass, too," he said. "We're an old race, Mr. Hilton. Earthmen are babies compared to the Selenites. Hyper ships are fading out, and eventually Transmat will fade out too, when something else comes."

A história "Competição" de AE van Vogt e / ou sua esposa E. Mayne Hull em Espantoso , junho de 1943 , a primeira história de Artur Blord , que pode ser encontrada em várias edições de Homens Contra as Estrelas e Planetas à Venda , pode envolver o uso de vários drives espaciais diferentes pela sociedade interestelar humana.

His answer was a shrug "Look lady, the Ridge star governments have offered a prize for the invention of an interstellar drive that won't infringe existing Earth patents, but until that prize is won the only way you'll ever get off Defi II would be to get in good with some private owner of a spaceship There just isn't any public transport."

e:

"As you know, when the Galactic co, believing its space drive patents made its position invincible, asked prohibitive rates and impossible preliminary fees to start an organized passenger and transport service in the Ridge Star system, our governments announced an open competition.

"They had purchased local rights to a drive vastly inferior to the superb Galactic Drive, and asked competitors to put their research staffs to the task of improving it. All improvements were guaranteed to the companies that made them and, in the event of duplication, an equitable adjustment was promised."

e mais tarde:

"My ship," he begun, "will win the the race. It has attained a speed just under eighty-one percent of a Galactic liner If anyone can equal that, just let him speak now, and I'll go quietly to the slaughterhouse. Well?"

E, eventualmente, uma empresa é formada para usar essa unidade para o transporte público dentro do Ridge Stars.