Infelizmente não, aqui estão as partes relevantes do Miles & Mais Termos e Condições (negrito meu):
2.3.1 General provisions for earning miles
Members can start earning miles after membership commences. Miles can only be credited to the member’s individual mileage account for services the member personally utilized. When using the services of the Miles & More partner companies, the beneficiary of the Miles & More must be a cardholder to ensure that the miles can be credited. [ ... ]
2.3.2 Special provisions for flights
For each actually flown segment of a fully paid scheduled flight operated by Lufthansa, a joint operator or a Miles & More partner company, the member’s account will be credited with miles – subject to Sections 2.3.6 and 2.3.7.
2.3.6 Exclusions from mileage credit
[ ... ] Any mileage credit is also excluded for unused, reimbursed, lapsed or unlawfully obtained documents (tickets, coupons, etc.). The same applies in other cases of non-utilization or the refund of the service qualifying for earning miles. [ ... ]
Mesmo que você não tenha pegado o voo, ainda poderá alterá-lo (em vez de cancelá-lo) até algum momento no futuro, quando você puder usá-lo. E mesmo que não possa ser cancelado, pode ser possível obter algum dinheiro de volta dos impostos incluídos no preço do bilhete. Mas você não terá milhas para isso.