Primeiro, alguns dados sobre a visão de mundo de Henry Wu. Página 123 na minha cópia:
[Wu] paced the living room, pointed to the monitors. "I don't think we should kid ourselves. We haven't re-created the past here. The past is gone. It can never be re-created. What we've done is reconstruct the part — or at least a version of the past. And I'm saying we can make a better version."
"Better than real?"
"Why not?" Wu said. "After all, these animals are already modified. We've inserted genes to make them patentable, and to make them lysine dependent. And we've done everything we can to promote growth, and accelerate development into adulthood."
Hammond shrugged. "That was inevitable. We didn't want to wait. We have investors to consider."
"Of course. But I'm just saying, why stop there? Why not push ahead to make exactly the kind of dinosaur that we'd like to see? One that is more acceptable to visitors, and one that is easier for us to handle? A slower, more docile version for our park?"
Hammond frowned. "But then the dinosaurs wouldn't be real."
"But they're not real now," Wu said. "That's what I'm trying to tell you. There isn't any reality here." He shrugged helplessly. He could see he wasn't getting through. Hammond had never been interested in technical details, and the essence of the argument was technical. How could he explain to Hammond about the reality of DNA dropouts, the patches, the gaps in the sequence that Wu had been obliged to fill in, making the best guesses he could, but still, making guesses. The DNA of the dinosaurs was like old photographs that had been retouched, basically the same as the original but in some places repaired and clarified, and as a result— [...]
Com isso em mente, aqui está a página 208 do meu exemplar (só um pouco mais do que na metade do livro), algum tempo depois que Grant mencionou a ideia do DNA de sapo sendo relevante:
[Wu] still wasn't clear about why Grant thought frog DNA was important. Wu himself didn't often distinguish one kind of DNA from another. After all, most DNA in living creatures was exactly the same. DNA was an incredibly ancient substance. Human beings, walking around in the streets of the modern world, bouncing their pink new babies, hardly stopped to think that the substance at the center of it all — the substance that began the dance of life — was a chemical almost as old as the earth itself. The DNA molecule was so old that its evolution had essentially finished more than two billion years ago. There had been little new since that time. Just a few recent combinations of the old genes — and not much of that.
When you compared the DNA of man and the DNA of a lowly bacterium, you found that only about 10 percent of the strands were different. This innate conservatism of DNA emboldened Wu to use whatever DNA he wished. In making his dinosaurs, Wu had manipulated the DNA as a sculptor might clay or marble. He had created freely.
[Wu runs a computer search for Rana DNA among the dinosaurs.]
The result was clear: all breeding dinosaurs incorporated rana, or frog, DNA. None of the other animals did. Wu still did not understand why this had caused them to breed. But he could no longer deny that Grant was right. The dinosaurs were breeding.
Então, para responder à sua pergunta diretamente (no universo, na visão de mundo de Henry Wu): claro, "dinossauros são mais parecidos com pássaros do que com répteis" e e assim por diante, mas isso é apenas um artefato do mundo da escala humana. No nível molecular, isso simplesmente não importa para Wu de onde vem o DNA, desde que pareça certo e faça a coisa funcionar como deveria. Uma molécula é tão boa quanto a outra. Insistindo que cada fragmento de DNA venha "originalmente" de um animal que está próximo dos dinossauros na arcaica Árvore da Vida É tão ridículo quanto insistir que o H 2 O que você bebe vem "originalmente" de um aquífero artesiano em Viti Levu . São apenas moléculas, pessoas! Eles não são mágicos .
(Tanto que, quando o DNA do sapo é a chave, Wu fica completamente perplexo. Ele imediatamente aceita a evidência na frente dele, mas não consegue nem adivinhar > em uma explicação. Sua filosofia é virada completamente de cabeça para baixo - ele é confrontado, afinal, com magia.)
Fora do universo, não sei se muitos biólogos concordariam com a visão de Wu sobre a permutabilidade dos fragmentos de DNA. Para mim, parece
plausível , mas certamente também é caricatural para fazer um ponto. O reducionismo arrogante de Wu é parte de sua falha trágica, assim como o idealismo infantil de John Hammond é parte do seu.