Isto é explicitamente respondido na novela oficial de Revenge of the Sith. Em resumo, Sidious considera que Palpatine é seu disfarce (para o mundo lá fora) e Sidious é seu verdadeiro eu.
Then Sidious, for some reason, decided to intervene.
“Don’t fear what you’re feeling, Anakin, use it!” he barked in Palpatine’s voice. “Call upon your fury. Focus it, and he cannot stand against you. Rage is your weapon. Strike now! Strike! Kill
mais tarde ...
Palpatine examined the damage to his face in a broad expanse of wall mirror. Anakin couldn’t tell if his expression might be revulsion, or if this were merely the new shape of his features. Palpatine lifted one tentative hand to the misshapen horror that he now saw in the mirror, then simply shrugged.
“And so the mask becomes the man,” he sighed with a hint of philosophical melancholy. “I shall miss the face of Palpatine, I think; but for our purpose, the face of Sidious will serve. Yes, it will serve.”
Como o @hypnosifl apontou em um comentário, há um citação do ator de Palpatine, Ian McDiarmid, que afirma que Lucas tinha a mesma idéia em mente; Sidious era sempre a verdadeira forma e que ele usava o rosto imaculado de Palpatine como uma máscara. Quando ele ficou terrivelmente marcado, isso foi, ironicamente, sua verdadeira face.
'Naturally, Lucas had a better way of summing up the relationship. "He said this casually, 'You should think of Palpatine's eyes as contact lenses...' So there's Palpatine's eyes and my eyes and that was very interesting. So, in fact, his face, which is the same as mine, was the unreal aspect. My own face was the mask. And then when I get into the mask, that is the evil person - that's the real face."'