Grande parte do diálogo do Merovíngio decorre de O Principal da Causalidade, que na verdade era um princípio marxista desenvolvido por Alexander Spirkin, filósofo e psicólogo russo.
Um trecho particularmente interessante é:
The concepts of "cause" and "effect" are used both for defining
simultaneous events, events that are contiguous in time, and events
whose effect is born with the cause. In addition, cause and effect are
sometimes qualified as phenomena divided by a time interval and
connected by means of several intermediate links. For example, a solar
flare causes magnetic storms on Earth and a consequent temporary
interruption of radio communication. The mediate connection between
cause and effect may be expressed in the formula: if A is the cause of
B and B is the cause of C, then A may also be regarded as the cause of
C. Though it may change, the cause of a phenomenon survives in its
result. An effect may have several causes, some of which are necessary
and others accidental.
Como você pode ver, esse é o fundamento das citações de The Merovingian (na página que você vinculou) sobre causalidade, bem como tempo.