At least one of the gauges was a temperature monitor for the inhabitant.
Kneeling, Lando turned some knobs on the device and checked the gauge
measuring the temperature of Han’s body. He sighed with relief and
nodded his head. “He’s alive,” he informed Han Solo’s anxious friends,
“and in perfect hibernation.”
Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (novel)
There also seems to be some sort of sensor that measures the temperature of the carbonite.
A huge mechanical tong lifts the steaming metal-encased space pirate
out of the vat and stands him on the platform. Some Ugnaughts rush
over and push the block over onto the platform. They slide the
coffinlike structure to the block and lift the metal block, placing it
inside. They then attach an electronic box onto the structure and step
away. Lando kneels and adjusts some knobs, measuring the heat. He
shakes his head in relief.
Empire Strikes Back - Script
And something that measures the flux(?) of the carbonite
Control panels were set along the outer side edges of the carbonite
frame. Boushh pressed a button beside the carbonite flux monitor, then
slid the decarbonization lever and watched a green light flicker on
the life system monitor.
Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (junior novelization)