The consulate here is not giving me a solid reason why I need a more costly passport book.
A regulamentação federal relevante encontra-se em 8 CFR 235.1. Começa dizendo que todos precisam de um passaporte, a menos que se qualifiquem para uma das várias exceções, encontradas nessa parte e em 22 CFR 53.2. Além da exceção para um cartão de passaporte, há exceções aplicáveis a crianças menores de 19 ou 16, dependendo das circunstâncias. Contudo, todas essas exceções se aplicam apenas à entrada em um porto terrestre ou marítimo de entrada. Eles não se aplicam a viagens aéreas internacionais.
A exceção do cartão de passaporte é encontrada em 8 CFR 235.1 (b) (1):
Passport card. A U.S. citizen who possesses a valid unexpired United States passport card, as defined in 22 CFR 53.1, may present the passport card when entering the United States from contiguous territory or adjacent islands at land or sea ports-of-entry.
As exceções para crianças são encontradas em 8 CFR 235.1 (b) (8):
(8) Children. A child who is a United States citizen entering the United States from contiguous territory at a sea or land ports-of-entry may present certain other documents, if the arrival falls under subsection (i) or (ii).
(i) Children under Age 16. A U.S. citizen who is under the age of 16 is permitted to present either an original or a copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by the Department of State, or a Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services when entering the United States from contiguous territory at land or sea ports-of-entry.
(ii) Groups of Children under Age 19. A U.S. citizen, who is under age 19 and is traveling with a public or private school group, religious group, social or cultural organization, or team associated with a youth sport organization is permitted to present either an original or a copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by the Department of State, or a Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services when arriving from contiguous territory at land or sea ports-of-entry [...]
As disposições em 22 CFR 53.2 (b) (11) são essencialmente os mesmos:
(11) When the U.S. citizen is a child under the age of 19 arriving from contiguous territory in the following circumstances:
(i) Children under age 16. A United States citizen who is under the age of 16 is permitted to present either an original or a copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or a Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services when entering the United States from contiguous territory at land or sea ports-of-entry; or
(ii) Groups of children under age 19. A U.S. citizen who is under age 19 and who is traveling with a public or private school group, religious group, social or cultural organization, or team associated with a youth sport organization may present either an original or a copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or a Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services when arriving in the United States from contiguous territory at all land or sea ports of entry...
Agora, não é possível negar a entrada de um cidadão americano se ele puder chegar à fronteira e provar sua nacionalidade americana de qualquer maneira. O problema aqui é que a companhia aérea não é obrigada a transportar cidadãos dos EUA com base em qualquer prova de cidadania; eles precisam exigir uma identificação que atenda aos requisitos regulamentares.